Carolina Lujan-Peschard, Giulia Pagliaroli, Francesco Vissani
Neutrino oscillations depend on the neutrino mass spectrum. The expected difference between normal and inverted hierarchy is about 30% for muon neutrinos of 6-8 GeV that propagate for 6000-8000 km in the Earth. These requirements point to very long baseline neutrino experiments from CERN to Baikal Lake or from Fermilab to KM3NET (or to ANTARES) with conventional pion beams. Collecting $10^{20}$ protons on target, one finds about a thousand events in a detector of 1 Mton, which makes it possible to observe the desired difference. The signal events are well characterized experimentally by their time and direction of arrival, and 2/3 of them are in a region with little atmospheric neutrino background, namely, between 4 GeV and 10 GeV. This can guarantee the identification of the neutrino mass spectrum just counting muon tracks.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.4577
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