Robert Pisarski, Larry McLerran, Vladimir Skokov
We consider the theta angle dependence of electroweak theory. We argue this theta dependence arises if there is explicit violation of baryon plus lepton number at some energy scale. The theta angle dependence is sensitive to very high momentum scales due to singular integrations over small scale size instantons. We argue that if there is an electroweak axion, the energy difference between the vacuum at non zero theta and zero theta is of the correct order of magnitude to be the dark energy if there is no new physics between the electroweak scale and the Planck scale.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1204.2533
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